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Extravascular interventional uroradiology

Department of Radiology, The Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK

Summary

• Percutaneous nephrostomy PCN) was described initially as a useful method of temporary urinary diversion in selected cases of large hydronephrosis.
  
• The procedure subsequently displaced surgical nephrostomy as the first line method for renal drainage.
  
• As the technique has been constantly refined, the indications for PCN have expanded.
  
• The continuing role of PCN for treatment of stone disease, obstruction and infection make nephrostomy the centre stage procedure of interventional uroradiology.
  
• Other techniques, such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy, ureteric stent placement, dilatation of ureteric strictures and percutaneous ureteric occlusion, have developed as a consequence of PCN.