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Imaging of HIV disease in children

Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK

• Most HIV infection in children is acquired by vertical transmission from mother to child.
  
• Identification of HIV in pregnant women is key to transmission prevention.
  
• Clinical manifestations differ from the adult population.
  
• Pulmonary disease is the commonest manifestation of HIV infection in children and accounts for 50% of deaths.
  
• The commonest abdominal manifestation is chronic infection of the gastrointestinal tract.
  
• Neoplasia is greatly increased in the paediatric HIV population, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma being the commonest tumour.
  
• Modern management has greatly improved the outlook for Western children with HIV.
  
• 80% of HIV-infected children in the third world die before their third birthday.
  

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